What does the term “forefoot varus” refer to?

Forefoot varus describes a condition in which the forefoot is angled upwards in relation to the rearfoot when the individual is in a standing position. This structural alignment results from the first metatarsal and the forefoot being positioned higher than the calcaneus (heel bone) and the rearfoot.

This condition can lead to compensatory movements throughout the foot and lower extremities, as it may cause issues such as over pronation or excessive supination, influencing the overall biomechanics of walking and running. Understanding forefoot varus is critical in pedorthics, as it can affect footwear choices and orthotic interventions to promote proper alignment and alleviate discomfort.

The other options do not accurately define forefoot varus. The idea that the forefoot angles downward refers instead to a different type of foot alignment issue. A variation in ankle flexibility pertains to different aspects of joint mobility that are unrelated to the position of the forefoot. A type of footwear defect concerns manufacturing or design flaws, which is separate from anatomical and biomechanical conditions like forefoot varus.