What biomechanical issue can lead to the development of excessive pronation?

Excessive pronation is often linked to restricted subtalar joint motion. The subtalar joint plays a crucial role in foot mobility and the ability to adapt to different surfaces. When the range of motion in this joint is limited, it can prevent the foot from effectively controlling its position during the gait cycle. This lack of proper motion can result in hyperpronation as the foot tries to compensate for the imbalance. As the foot cannot rotate effectively, it tends to roll inward excessively, leading to overpronation.

Weak dorsiflexors, a tight iliotibial band, and excessive foot wedging can contribute to altered biomechanics, but they do not specifically relate to the management or function of the subtalar joint in the same way. Weak dorsiflexors may affect the ankle's ability to flex during walking or running and could initiate compensatory patterns, while a tight iliotibial band primarily affects the lateral aspect of the knee and thigh, which is more related to knee motion than subtalar mechanics. Excessive foot wedging could alter foot alignment but does not directly restrict movement at the subtalar joint itself.